Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger used symbolism throughout the novel. Four major symbols were the ducks, the Museum of Natural History, the hunting hat, and Jane Gallagher. They all cook up Holden in a way, and Salinger uses these symbols very well. period Holden is wandering around New York City, he asks many people about what happens to the ducks in the pond when it freezes. I trust this genuinely symbolizes Holden. He isnt really wondering about the ducks, he is wondering about himself. He wants to know what will happen to him when the weather gets really cold. He wants to know if he will have to go home, because he is really afraid to. This relates to the theme of going home, which is a recurring theme during the novel. The novel is basically his slow return to his home, and he is wondering whether he should go home or stay outside and freeze. The other two symbols, Jane Gallagher and the Museum of Natural History, both represent the theme of the past. Jane Gallaghe r was an old friend of Holdens, and he mentions her many times during the story. He mentions that he will call her, but he never gets the organization to. She is an important part of his past that he misses a lot, and he wants to go back and be with her again. The Museum of Natural History represents a different aspect of his past. While Jane Gallagher makes Holden want to return to his past, the Museum of Natural History sort of changes his mind. He remembers how he used to go there all the time, and how he was different, but the wax figures were forever the same. He realizes that he cant go back in time, because he is not the same as he used to be. He likewise realizes that he will never be the same as he used to be. One other important symbol is Holdens hunting cap. I think that his cap represents security. He always counted to be acquireing the hat and every time he puts it on, he always mentions how it makes him feel better. It also represents his individuality. It makes hi m seem to be different from others since he is the only one to be wearing such a hat and people thinks that it is quite odd when they saw him wear it.

Optical Mice :: Free Essay Writer

Optical MiceSchool of Polytechnic StudiesDepartment of Industrial & Engineering TechnologyCOMPUTER PERIPHERALSA mouse is a device, or reckoner peripheral, lets a user control a cursor that allows data to be manipulated without having to use complicated keyboard commands. The mouse, though probably named mouse because of its appearance, was originally called an X0Y Position Indicator. Douglas Englebart, who worked for Stanford look into Institute, in 1963, invented the mouse, as we know today. The device didnt become widely used an appreciated until 1973, when Xerox applied it to their Alto computer system. The mouse was also widely used in Apple computers and is now found on every computer today (Computer Hardware, www.computerhope.com/help/mouse.htm).If you look to the diagram to the right, you will follow out four parts track an opthalmic-mechanical mouses X-Y position movement. When the mouse is moved the ball moves in the direction of the movement. When the roller rotat es, unmortgaged shines through the openings. This light is detected by two light sensors, which send signals to the computer of the movement. The offset of the light that the sensors receive determines the direction of each axis. So that motion is detected, the ball take traction between the ball and the rollers, which is a major drawback to this design.A pure optical mouse works a little differently. Optical Mice need special(a) storage-battery grids that the sensor inside of the mice needs to see to negotiate motion. When this kind of mouse moves over this grid light from an LED or laser passes over the grid and the lines seen by the sensor. Optical mice are much more accurate judging motion than the ordinary optical mechanical mouse. One drawback to pure optical mice is that they energy run into problems with bright lights (Computer Hardware, www.computerhope.com/help/mouse.htm).Optical mice, technologically more advanced and more accurate than ordinary mice, carry a hi-tech price. The average optical mouse runs from $30 to $100. Since a simpler and cheaper peripherals exist, optical mice arent used on a wide variety of systems yet. According to PC Data, no optical mice do it into the top 20 sellers list in any given month (ABCNEWS.com). Recently, though, Microsoft has introduced an optical mouse that can be used without grids on any surface. This fresh mouse has a camera that can take up to 1,500 images per second and has a high enough resolution to read even fibers in a blank sheet of paper (ABCNEWS.

Introduction to Provencal :: essays research papers

Introduction to ProvencalProvenal was origin eachy used in all the south of France, as far north as Poitou, Limousin and the Dauphin. Romance language descended from Latin.XIth centuryEarliest texts (3) survive from XIth century. La Chanson de Sainte Foy (1033) is the only one of real merit. XIIth ampere-secondPeriod of the early troubadours. Dominant genre lyric song, especially the chanson (love poetry) also important, sirventes (satire) moral and religious poetry and the partimen (debate poetry).Principal poets Guillaume IX of Aquitaine, Marcabru, Jaufr Rudel, Cercamon, Bernart de Ventadour, Bertran de Born, Arnaut Daniel and Raimbaut dAurenga. Wrote for a order where patronage was the rule. Poetry governed by strict conventions as regards rhyme and metre. Music very important. Poets were usually composers as well and set their poems to music.Society destroyed by the Albigensian Crusade (first part of the thirteenth century). Many southern lords destroyed or impoverished and r eplaced by northern invaders. Deathblow to troubadours, many of whom fled to Aragon and Italy where troubadour poetry continued to enjoy great prestige. Dante admired the troubadours very much.XIIIth centuryXIIIth century sees poetry continue with poets like Peire Cardenal and there are both(prenominal) surviving poems, which learn that there was an epic tradition (Daurel et Beton), and a romance tradition (Jaufr and Flamenca).XIVth centuryPoetry becomes conventional with few outstanding poets, but real efforts to preserve the traditions and language. 1323 radix of the Consistori del Gai Saber. The Jeux Floraux at Toulouse where prizes were awarded to the best poets. Religious poetry flourished (La Vida de Sant Onorat) and there was rough epic poetry (Ronsasvals). Some theatre and prose especially religious (Barlaam et Josafat), but also lay (Melusino, Chronique de Montpellier).XVth centuryA period of decline in quality and quantity. Some theatre (les mystres rouergats and alpi ns), some prose (Chronique des Comtes de Foix et seigneurs du Bearn by Michel Bernis 1445). Period when Provenal writers are turning towards French for political and prestigious reasons.XVIth centuryDespite the dit de Villers-Cotterets (1539) enforcing the use of French in official documents, a period of some revival. Particularly inGascony where the efforts of the navarese Kings to maintain their independence meant some of Gascon. Pey de Garros (1565) wrote Psaumes for Jeanne dAlbret. Guillaume du Bartas (also wrote in French) and Auger Gaillard (Lou Banquet 1583 republished three times) both use Gascon. In Provence Louis Bellaud (1543-88) and Pierre Paul poets of some merit with many followers.

Essay --

In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the Wife of Baths Tale holds the unique determine of being the only tale told by a lay female in the group. The Wife of Bath is a complex character in this, she isnt what she seems to be, and mayhap not even what she herself thinks she is. One may at first believe that she represents a feminist character in this, defending the rights and power of wo manpower over men in both her prologue and tale. Though The Wife of Bath seems to see herself as a feminist (more or less as a strong supreme female of her term), defending the rights and power of women over men in both her prologue the tales actual perspective is formed from the point of view of a man of the time in this, her entire image seems to shift. Notably, it is valid to state that it is highly unlikely that any man of the time period saw her in this same vigilant rather she seems to illustrate all of the wrongs that men found in women. Alongside this, it is important to emphasize that t his tale (The Wife of Bath) begins the Marriage Group as G.L. Kittredge called it (even though other marriages appear in the Canterbury Tales fragments), involving the Clerk, the Merchant, the Franklin. In this, her spoken goals expressed in her Prologue, express a certain sort of unspoken implication that exerts that Alisoun intends to take the side of the traditionally held authorities on marriage. The Wife attacks medieval dogma and uses aggression as her defense. The primacy of authority over experience is turned upside-down. This in turn produces a cycle of, experience that yields tolerance, allows exceptions, and sees other views. She exemplifies what a perfect example of a failed feminist, a weak parody of what men see feminists as.In Chaucers... ... when analyzing, explaining, and understanding The Canterbury Tales, in particular The Wife of Baths Tale. It is important to have an even balance between the feminist critics who view Chaucer as feminist, and the feminist cri tics who view him as antifeminist when difficult to unravel this character as a progressive creation. While it can be argued that the Wife of Bath could be an early feminist character, there ar too many aspects to her that indicate how she is working within the system rather than outside of it. Alisoun is not a character who sprung fully formed from her creators genius. Instead, Alisoun learns how to use what Chaucer initially gives her until she is able to develop her own story, identity, tale, and conclusion. She will forever be a small piece of Geoffrey Chaucer, but she is eternally her own parting that cries out, I am Alisoun. I am the Wife.

Father Roles Heaney Essay -- essays papers

Father Roles HeaneyFather RolesThere are many factors that will shape a young boys life, that possibly no(prenominal) more important than the role of that boys father. Seamus Heaney and Theodore Roethke both have shown the importance of the father role in their poems Digging and My Papas Waltz. Although the roles of the fathers in these poems were different, the respect and curiosity shown by their sons is one in the same. Weather it is Heaneys father digging under his window, or Roehtkes father dancing him around as a little boy, the love shown in these two poems, shows a direct relation on the lives they shared with their fathers.Heaneys poem, Digging showed that while the boy still love his father, he did not wish to carry on the tradition of potato digging that had been in his family for generations. For example, Heaney wrote that he had no spade to follow men same(p) them(Spence par 1). This quote states that Heaney, although loving his father, did not think he could carry on the tradition. Heaney remembers the way he would bring his grandfather a glass of milk, and would intoxication the entire bottle, and then would watch his grandfather fall to work once again. This brings about the fact that while still caring a great handwriting for his father and grandfather, he still would prefer the path of a writer (Glover 542). Ultimately, Heaney chose not to follow men like them, and chose instead on becoming a writer. This is backed up later in the poem when Heaney writes betwixt my finger and my thumb/The squat pen rests/Ill dig with it. Heaney had always watched his father from the upstair window while he dug, and Heaney would watch and write, and this fanned the fire for Heaneys desire to become a writer (Pellegrio pa... ...and Theodore Roehtke both had fathers who were hard working, involved men, but both having taken the time to show their sons the attention and love that they deserved. The impact that the fathers played in these poets lives will always be remembered in the poems Digging and My Papas Waltz.Between the lines of these two poems, you basis see the importance that Seamus Heaney, and Theodore Roehtkes fathers played in their sons lives, by showing them love, and compassion, no matter what hey had chosen to do. Weather it was simply pitch his dad a glass of milk, or dancing around the kitchen without ever wanting to let go, the role of father is one of the biggest roles a man can ever accept. Digging and My Papas Waltz are two great examples of how much difference a father makes if he shows warmth, love, compassion, and possibly most important, understanding.

Cops :: essays research papers

Except for a select few, most politicians atomic number 18 silent as the proverbial grave. In positions of power, they are powerless in the face of this civilized, legalized barbarity. They are Black politicians who possess only the office none of the Power. They draw nothing to say. They nave even less to do. face with the enormity of death, politics is notoriously silent when it really comes to protecting the people, or restraining the forces of the state They dont run the police the police run them into silent acquiescence.In an eld of right-wing resurgence, and lock - em up, throw-away-the-key criminal justice policies, where are the voices of let the "punishment fit the crime?"How man voices arc clamoring for the death penalty? Where are the editorials calling for his prosecution "to the fullest extent of the law"?At best, there are feeble pleas that he be "suspended", or , at best, "fired".Didnt Donta Dawson miss whatever job he had? Doesnt everyone who goes to jail? From those who have made a career of being "tough on crime", this is one offense that they have all but ignored.For, it is not a crime when the cops kill-it is their JOB.Their job is legalized terrorism of the poor, the impoverished, the anti- established, the powerless. They are protectors of the raging class divide in America. If they behaved in the suburbs the way they did in the ghettoes, millions of Americans would be looking to revolution as the solution. In truth, they perform differently in different sections of society, for they perform different functions for different segments of society. What the brilliant revolutionary psychiatrist, Frantz Fanon at one time wrote of colonial Algeria, applies to oppressed societies all around the world, a world cut in twainThe dividing line, the frontiers are shown by barracks and police stations. In the colonies it is the policeman and the soldier who are the officinal, instituted go-betweens, the sp okesmen of the settler and his rule of oppression... In the capitalist countries a multitude of moral teachers, counselors and "bewilders" separate the exploited from those in power. In the colonial countries, on the contrary, the policeman and the soldier, by their immediate presence aid their frequent and direct action maintain contact with the native and advise him by means of rifle-butts and napalm not to budge.

Does your environment shape you? Essay

Does your environment shape your personality and the way you act? I completely agree with the fact that, ones environment is the main cistron of shaping ones personality. I find that many teenagers including myself argon truly easily influenced by what they check over and strike. For example, some teenagers are different and are more interested in the material they read on the Internet and the newspaper. Television adds for make up or clothes can easily force our fear. Although many of us teenagers live up to a standard so they can fit into a crowd at school. The newspaper articles and stories we read and hear about can grab our attention very easily.Big titles on articles catch our attention. We dont try to look at them we just see them. An interesting title for an interesting article about your favorite music group or an even that you attended steals your attention and just be version the first few lines makes you want to keep on reading and reading. When I flip open the new spaper atom, I immediately turn to the entertainment section knowing that there must be an article of amusement that will give me something to think and talk about. Same with the stories that we hear from boosters. Gossip.You hear a small-arm of a story being told to another and you immediately jump in asking the questions who? What? These types of things get our attention and just the way we hear about it qualifys our thoughts and feelings. What costly is a section of a story when you must know the whole thing to spread on the story? Hearing two different stories makes you change your mind back and forth until you are too confused to care or another hot new story arrives to the ears of a fellow friend who will pass it down to you. Even the television affects they way we think about events in life.I know that for a fact because I cerebrate when I had never even heard of the small city of Walkerton, Ontario until the story came on the news. I never really gave a damn about Walk erton before, wherefore should I now? Just because its a story to talk about The interviews they broadcast on television and the facts given to you keep on acquiring you more and more interested until it becomes a common subject to talk about. T.V. adds are the exact same. The colors and the music provided in the background attract our attention very easily.Were interested to see whats hot and whats not. Since everythingin the media involves sex to attract our attention, a lot of us are very easily. I remember watching my favorite show (The Simpsons) when the commercial came on. A gorgeous young lady planting seeds that tears off the lab covering revealing her bikini suit. Next thing I see, a built, muscular man grows from the ground from the seeds planted. And in the end, what was the commercial trying to sell you? A equalise of jeans. Just a fashion statement. The commercials make you want to have that exact same product.

Explore How Gender Is Represented in ‘Bliss’ Essay

merriment is targeted at adolescent girls. The front cover of the cartridge expresses this sex stereotype. An important stage in life is cosmos a teenager. At this point in life, you start forming your own identity and it is hard to do when teenagers ar immediately stereotyped and labelled. In particular, teenage girls be portrayed as either sweet and innocent or aggressive and acting too mature for their age. Teenage girls are perceived as being heavily twisty in sex from a young age. The film Cruel Intentions enforces this sentiment and encourages teenage girls to grow up fast and act beyond their age the clip Bliss also encourages this. All teenagers suffer from these harsh stereotypes and compared to Cruel Intentions the film My Summer of Love shows teenagers trying to break away from these labels.From all the negativity that is being expressed by the older members of society towards the younger, teenagers look to magazines such as Bliss for inspiration on how they shoul d look and act. Firstly the title of the magazine Bliss appears at the top of the magazine in a big, bold font and in the colour red to make it more(prenominal) vibrant as it is the counterbalance thing you pick up on. Its font is Sans serif which is straightforward and informal so the reader pull up stakes relate to it more. Also, the actual word Bliss marrow a state of perfect happiness so this is implying that the reader will be happy if they read this magazine. Bliss is also a name you wait as it reminds the reader of something glamorous or girly which attracts the female stereotype of the girly teenager.In the centre of the cover is a photograph of Taylor brisk who is considered a popular affair model among teenage girls. She wears red lipstick which fits in with the colour scheme of the cover (red). The dress she is wearing is in metallic silver and this is in short letter to the red and blue colours to make her stand out more. All the text is framed around the centre image to make the focus on her. She is also using direct address by looking into the camera this is a form of interaction as the audience may feel machine-accessible with the image on the front cover. Also, wrapped behind the centre image is a ribbon with Taylor talks drive in written on it.This is to enforce the idea encouraging teenage girls to learn about grapple but in this instance, from Taylor Swift. The o in the word love is represented by a love heart (there are also love hearts surrounding this text). This appeals more too teenage girls as it is implying this magazine issue is all about love and stereotypical teenage girls idealize about love. The ribbon is shaped in order to draw attention to the eye. Underneath the ribbon it mentions a quote from Taylor Swift saying With boys, you have to learn the hard way this is suggesting that girls havent learnt about relationships and boys yet, and is encouraging girls to grow up fast and act more mature.Also, the outlay of the magazine is cheap (2.99) compared to other monthly magazines and teenagers are most likely to have low disposable incomes so there is more chance they will buy it. Also, Bliss is a monthly magazine so readers wont have to buy it so many times, so they will further money, again this is more likely for teenagers to buy it. As the magazine is monthly, it will be more detailed and last longer than a weekly magazine so this is more reason for teenagers to read it.The language used on the cover is stereotypically used by teenagers (teenage girls in particular), for example, (So. Much. Goss) this will appeal more to teenage girls as they understand these sayings the magazine uses. Also, this quote is referring to Harry Styles who is part of the boy band One Direction who have a female devotee floor so to see some text on the cover stating they have loads of gossip about Harry Styles, is going to draw in their fan base which is primarily, teenage girls. In the throne left corner of the cover is a list of celebrities that are popular among teenage girls. This encourages the male celebrities featured to be possible love interests and encourages the female celebrities to be possible role models.On the front cover, near the top, it states horrifying reliable-life and then follows with a quote from a real life story. The fact they have chosen to feature a real life story applies to the uses and gratifications theory as teenagers can relate to it and identify with themselves. Also, along with the title at the top of page is the website address for the magazine.This shows that the magazine is technology adept and it also creates convergence on an online community. The modern day teenager spends more time on the internet now so it is likely that if they are interested in the magazine they will visit the website as well. At the bottom of the magazine are images of clothes. These images represent teenage fashion and create a desire for the products. Bliss makes fashion an important issue and it supports this stereotypical idea that girls are obsessed with fashion and are trying to be mature which has been encouraged by the media.The front cover of any magazine is extremely important because when you are looking for which magazine you are going to buy it is the front cover that is what is going to attract you to each individual magazine. The stereotypical idea of the female gender is seen throughout the front cover of Bliss by including features of fashion, gossip, boys and potential female role models. Also the colour scheme of red romanticises the magazine which encourages girls to grow up fast. There is a combination of presentational features used and attention to relevant content ensures the magazine will be extremely attractive to the female gender.

Cape Literature Ia “Much Ado About Nothing” by William Shakespeare Essay

The 1993 film adaptation of William Shakespeares Much ado intimately Nothing, by Kenneth Branagh, differs in many aspects from the original script written by Shakespeare. Branagh employs brilliant filming, manipulating lighting, camera angles to produce a carefree version to the original text. The soundtrack is fulgent and his interpretation breathes life and vitality into this old world scam.According to critic Vincent Canby, He has taken a Shakespearean romantic comedy, the sort of thing that ordinarily turns to mush on the pervade and made a movie that is triumphantly romantic, comic and, most surprising of each, emotionally alive (May 7th, 1993). Lighting, music and technology stir the various moods that perpetuate the film and Branagh is thus able to overcome language barriers, which enables the per cons classationance to be more(prenominal) understandable for a modern audience. The movie is delusive to be more light-hearted and free flowing than the original text.Ac cording to critic Todd McCarthy The film is continuously enjoyable from its action-filled opening to the dazzling final shot. Much hustle about Nothing is a tale of friendship, betrayal and the power of love to conquer all obstacles. It is one of Shakespeares comedies and though it has a dark side, staying current to being a comedy, serious issues are treated light heartedly. Branagh moves the setting from Messina to the verdant hills of Tuscany. His choice of setting therefore determines his overall mood for the film. The production begins with the employment of Balthazars melodic line by Beatrice (Emma Thompson).When the scene comes to light the audience is expose to a striking panoramic shot of the rich rural setting. The shot consequently pans down to a purchase order picnicking under the Tuscan sun. The society seems relaxed and contendm as they loll on the grass listening to Beatrice (Emma Thompson), who is perched in a tree, reciting the song. The gait quickly change s from lethargy to one of ecstasy, as a messenger brings news of the forthcoming arrival of adopt Pedro (Denzel Washington) and his men. Men and women scurry to the villa amid screams and laughter to get ready for the prince.Thoughts of war are abandoned and replaced by thoughts of love. The plot then revolves around two couples, Hero (Kate Beckinsale) and Claudio (Robert Sean Leonard), and Beatrice and Benedict (Kenneth Branagh). Claudio seeks Don Pedros help in wooing Hero. one time successful the prince then turns his attention to older, warring couple of Beatrice and Benedick and plots to gull them into falling in love. and, Don John (Keanu Reeves), the bastard, plots to destroy harmony in the play as he tries to foil the plans of marriage in the midst of the younger couple.His victory is fleeting as his evil plans are unearthed by Dogberry and his night watch. All ends considerably and the production ends in dancing and merriment. From the very beginning Branagh utilizes the advantages that technology has made possible producing a zesty film that is emotionally alive. He employs many techniques to progress his production a success the maiden being the manipulation of different camera angles. As the film begins the audience hears the recital of what was originally Balthazars song by Beatrice, the words to the song appearing in white against a black backdrop, to the gentle lilt of a guitar.In this opening scene the screen comes to light with a magnificent panoramic shot of the countryside scenery. This establishes a very light-hearted and airy mood, and thus sets the tone for the production as blithe and jocular. Branagh sets his film at the Villa Vignamaggio in the hills of Tuscany, the bright Tuscan sunshine adds to the nature of the film giving it a jovial feel. The scene pans down to men and women, sitting in the grass, now and then playing with each others hair, allowing time to pass in a carefree manner.This slow pan shot then quickly changes to a rapid flicking from scene to scene as Don Pedro arrives. The mood that is then highlighted is one of excitement as the camera switches from focusinging of the scurry of characters to the villa and the victorious glamour of the prince and his men. As the film progresses Branagh exploits the phthisis of the different camera angles to provide emotional information about the characters involved in the scene which thus allows the audience to form judgments about those said characters. For instance, when Benedick first speaks, the camera angle changes to focus on Beatrice she scowls.This close-up allows the audience intimate details of the characters emotional state. here(predicate) it hints to a history, a painful one at that, between the two. Even in the shaming scene, Branagh is able to focus on Margaret. In the original text Margaret is altogether left out. Shakespeare was not privy to the advances of technology thus he was not able to do as Branagh did, thus Margaret was left out of the original scene. However done her show of guilt Branagh is able to reassure the audience that this will not last a feat Shakespeare achieved through manipulating language and plot structure.Significantly, when the villains tell of the betrayal of Hero the plan is never revealed however, and the camera angle switches to show Hero in her bed alone again reaffirming to the audience the truth something Shakespeare attain through language. Also as Branagh abridges the two gulling scenes, he is able to then superimpose the end of each scene, one over the next to show some(prenominal) characters experiencing the same thing. The cameras focus on their faces highlighting the immense joy they are both experiencing and relaying it onto the audience.Benedict is playing in the fountain and Beatrice is swinging on a swing, love is triumphant over the squabbles and the characters are now content. Another noteworthy technique that Branagh employs is that of character stead. In th e opening scene Beatrice is shown perched in a tree, remote the other women who are sitting, this immediately signifies that she is different. Shakespearean comedies usually have heroines possessing qualities beyond their time. Shakespeare is able to establish Beatrices character a witty and independent through her language and interaction with other characters.Through her interaction with the messenger who yields, and her witty repartee with Benedick, Shakespeare produces a character way beyond her time. However, managing simple character placement Branagh is able to visually complement what is set by language and that is an independent, strong character. Even when the soldiers arrive from war, the riding formation is to character role and status Don Pedro, the prince, is place in the middle to the forefront and he is flanked on both sides, to the left by the villains Don John and his henchmen and to the right by the heroes Claudio and the others.Also in the shaming scene all the women take Heros side with the exception of Benedick who stays to support his love Beatrice, while the men are on the opposite side defending their honor against the unchaste Hero. Costuming in this film is quite simple. The characters are dressed in white cotton which evokes a star of simplicity which matches his mental imagery for the play and complements the setting perfectly however, it does then produce a society that is quite leisurely and not like original society which was overly concerned with outward appearances.In Shakespearean times, dress was very important especially since it shows status and that was one of the most important things even in the original script of the play. However Branagh makes simple variations which are quite as successful. For instance Don Pedro and Don John don leather pants all soldiers wear the same uniform with the exception of color to show their roles. The villains pants and jacket collars are black while the heroes don no-count pants and blue collared jackets. The prince is the only character seen wearing a gold chain and pendant.With these slight variations in costuming Branagh is able to achieve the same means and stays true to his vision for the play. The soundtrack to the film was brilliant, at the beginning a cadence of guitar complements the languid feeling at the picnic as the mood changes so too does the music. The soundtrack soars to add excitement and hint victory as the Prince arrives. When the scene changes and Don John takes center frame the tune is ominous, the music is threatening and thunder booms as he puts his first plot to work.The soundtrack take on a melancholic tune as Claudio believes that the Prince is wooing Hero for himself. Shakespeare knew the importance of music. It is Balthazars song that Branagh employs suitably as the subject field song for the film as it comments on the inconsistencies of men who are deceivers ever. Branaghs use of props not only adds visual insight except comedy as well. In the beginning when the men arrive from war the flag thrusted upwards symbolizes their victory. For the masked ball, the characters wore appropriate masks which related to characteristics of the characters that wore them.Leonato wore a skull which signifies his old age, Borachio had a Cyclops mask which highlights his evil, Beatrice wore a cat mask which symbolizes her cunning nature and sexual prowess, Benedict wore a fools mask as he is frequently the joker, Hero had a pure white mask showing her purity, and Claudio had a baby mask symbolizing his youth. Benedict is seen fidgeting with his mask as Beatrice bashes him mercilessly, which shows his deflating self-importance as he endures the verbal abuse. Benedict has a fold chair as his prop for his soliloquy he fidgets with the chair to add comedy.Once again this shows that Branagh uses his ability to have props to his advantage to make the movie more appealing to a modern audience. Branagh chose Denzel Washington to po rtray Don Pedro despite the detail that all Shakespeares actors were white. It was a smart thing to do however, because he is instantly recognized, being the Prince, and this blatantly shows the infidelity due to the stark contrast between him and Don John who is played by Keanu Reeves. The actors for Benedick and Beatrice are Kenneth Branagh and Emma Thompson who were married in real life and their natural chemistry comes out while line drawing these characters.Shakespeare uses language to emphasize incompetence. Critics say that Dogberrys language is lost in the squabble of Michael Keatons overacting. While Shakespeare depends on language Keaton is more dependent on his movements and antics to be comedic. According to critics from Cinema For Crazy Some of the characters are a bit annoying, like the constable played by Michael Keaton, and some of the scenes are overly dramatic, but it is Shakespeare after all and when it comes to playing with words, theres no one better.Branagh an d Thompson are wonderful together, Leonard and Beckinsale embody everything young lovers should be, Washington is powerfully highly-sexed as the lonely leader and even Reeves delivers as the sullen villain. Branagh makes full use of the lighting and setting, some of the things that Shakespeare was not fortunate enough to have in his time. All of the scenes where love blooms are usually outside in Branaghs production the outdoor landscape is very light-hearted and highlights the affectionate nature. The talks of love and case take place out in the green, in an airy setting where the mood is tranquil and cheerful.Villainy thrives in dimly lit areas. When the audience is exposed to Don Johns true nature it takes place in the dark sort of dungeon-like place, which is suited for evil. Branagh must also be commended on his use of the outdoors he takes advantage of his environment by taking his production outside whereas Shakespeare was limited to the stage. Branaghs use of this also en ables his production to be more appealing to the audience and more understanding as most of the playful scenes take place outdoors.The wedding scene takes place outside in a merry environment which is supposed to make the shaming scene lighter. Branaghs rendition of Much Ado about Nothing is very similar in center to that of the original text and deserves a certain level of credit for his precision. Branagh saw to the needs of a modern audience and set his production to their appeal. His use of comedy, lighting, cinematography and costuming each contribute significantly in their own way to the play. Although Branagh made a few mistakes for example casting Keaton as Dogberry, which was the most negatively critiqued character.The critic James Berardinelli also says that Reeves casting has missed its mark and modern actors who seem out of place in the period setting. Branagh chose to base his main focus on the Elizabethans preoccupation with loyalty and chastity rather than on their f ixation with outward appearances. It can be concluded that Kenneth Branaghs interpretation of Much Ado about Nothing is without a doubt considerably accurate in terms of its acquiescence with the text. Despite the fact that he does not capture everything in the play, the pieces which he does, enables a clearer understanding of the play for a modern day audience.

Defending the poem

During the time that Phillip Sydney wrote, the appeal of numbers was starting to lose its footing for several notional causal agents. First, in the 16th century, a few learned individuals were beginning to explore prose, the essay form. Also, some poets were using the elevated language and verse of numbers to argue and even jest with one another in ways that the general public could not understand. Fin totallyy, the original intent of poetry had been lost that being a valuable type of oral history, originally in song form. Many simply saw poetry as a useless art. For this reason, Sydney writes his Apology for Poetry.The verbiage of the essay suggests a satirical wit about Sydney which has raised a few eyebrows as to the intent of the work. Is Sydney defending or indicting poetry, an art form to which he had dedicated much of his life? Sydneys essays seem to point to a defense, as the title suggest, with a nice dose of self-deprecating humor tossed in to give it that edge of do ubt.Similar essay Platos Attack on PoetryFirst, Sydney is moved by the loquacious John Pietro Pugliano to consider the self-love to which tidy sum afford themselves and their pro film activities. This lecture on horses spawns in Sydney, the recognition that he could, and should, give the same admiration to poetry And yet I must say that, as I deem just cause to fudge a pitiful defense of poor poetry, which from almost the highest estimation of learning is fallen to be the laughing-stock of children, so have I need to bring some more available proofs.He begins his defense by taking the reader on a walk with history whereby he points out that all great civilizations have a rich basis of poetry. He compares poetry as thefirst light-giver to ignorance and the first go down on, whose milk by little and little enabled them to feed afterwards of tougher knowledge. To insult poetry and poets, he says, is to slap the face of those that have given them life.In making this proof he gives several examples. He argues that the Italians such as Dante Boccaccio and Petrarch used language in a way that aided them in their quest to be a treasure-house of acquaintance as did the Englishmen Gower and Chaucer you developed art and beauty through poetry. He goes on to note that that the revered philosophy of the Greeks were first words from the pens of poets and cites Empedocles, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Phocylcides and others as proof of this assertion. This did so notably show itself, that the philosophers of Greece durst not a long time appear to the world moreover under the masks of poets. He even notes that ignorant and barbaric people had one shred of decency, that being the poetry of their songs. Sydney concludes this channel by noting that So that truly neither philosopher nor historiographer could at the first have entered into the gates of everyday judgments, if they had not taken a great passport of poetry.From on that point, Sydney moves to give his definitio n of poetry which he calls an art of imitation Poesy, therefore, is an art of imitation,that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or judge forth to speak metaphorically, a speaking picture, with this end,to teach and delight. He gives three distinct divisions of this end goal. The first is to glorify God. He gives Biblical support for this claim Such were David in his Psalms Solomon in his Song of Songs, in his Ecclesiastes and Pr everyplacebs Moses and Deborah in their Hymns and the writer of Job. The second classification is to deal with philosophical matters either moral, as Tyrtus, Phocylides, and Cato or natural, as Lucretius and Virgils Georgics or astronomical, as Manilius and Pontanus or historical, as Lucan which who mislike, the fault is in their judgment quite out of taste, and not in the sweetly food of sweetly uttered knowledge. He is quick to note that even if these great thinkers are false, they are still gaining knowledge.Finally, his third distinction is the men who make imitations of individuals and themes that should be imitated. Sydney asks that the reader ponder whether the perfect lover, constant friend, valiant man or just prince could ever exist other than in poetry. In Sydneys words, These verses allows for people to read and to aspire. For these third be they which most properly do imitate to teach and delight and to imitate borrow nothing of what is, hath been, or shall be but range, only reined with learned discretion, into the divine consideration of what may be and should be.Sydney ends this portion of his defense of poetry by noting that So that the ending end of all earthly learning being virtuous action, those skills that most serve to bring forth that have a most just title to be princes over all the rest wherein, if we can show, the poet is worthy to have it before any other competitors. To him, the poet is an indispensable part of the creation of history, art, beauty and mankind.In his next section, Sydney compares t he poet to the historian and the philosopher. here he notes that the poet is the perfect blend of both thus continuing to truly defend poetry. He notes that the historian can show people the true and lead picture, but questions whether that is really what the people want to see. Then he notes that philosophers deal in such abstractions that nobody can really understand what they are saying. Sydney argues that the philosopher teacheth, but he teacheth obscurely, so as the learned only can understand him that is to say, he teacheth them that are already taught and that, likewise, the best of the historian is subject to the poet. Thus, he places the baffle of the poet over them both.Next, Sydney takes a witty look at what types of poetry could be found lacking with some of these individuals. He proposes that they dislike the pastoral for its simple realm views, but satirically counters that sometimes, under the pretty tales of wolves and sheep, can include the whole considerations of wrong-doing and patience. He similarly examines lyric, iambic, comic, satiric, and heroic poetry, finding in each a reason for their prevalence.Sydney continues his satiric swat at these poet haters by intending to discover why, exactly, they hate poetry. He decides that they seek praise by insulting others and wittily offers that the best way to do this is actually through poetry. His insulters offer four arguments against poetry which Sydney humorously defends, as if they were not much to deal with in the first place. They areo that there being many other more fruitful knowledge, a man might better spend his time in them than in this.o that it poetryis the mother of lies.o that it is the nurse of abuse, infecting us with many pestilent desireso that Plato banished them out of his CommonwealthSydney categorically addresses each.To the first he says that no learning is so good as that which teacheth and moveth to virtue, and poetry leads to both. To the second argument he assert s that they historians, philosophers, doctors, etc should be the principal liars, noting the frequent mistakes made in medicine, astronomy and the like. To the third argument, he argues that many other things abuse equally, or more so, than poetry. He asks the following series of rhetorical questions in responseDoth not knowledge of law, whose end is to even and right all things, being abused, grow the crooked fosterer of atrocious injuries? Doth not, to go in the highest, Gods word abused breed heresy, and his name abused become blasphemy?These lines show that any good formation can be abused and can be used to abuse. It is the people that abuse, not the poetry. Finally, he allows that he has great reverence for Plato, but notes that philosophers naturally hate poets and that banishing Plato from the commonwealth may not have been such a bad thing after all.Sydney ends his defense of poetry by showing the nay-sayers what will devolve in a world without poetryBut iffie of such a butyou be born so near the dull-making cataract of Nilus, that you cannot hear the planet-like music of poetry if you have so earth-creeping a mind that it cannot lift itself up to look to the sky of poetry, or rather, by a certain rustical disdain, will become such a mome, as to be a Momus of poetry then, though I will not wish unto you the ass ears of Midas, nor to be driven by a poets verses, as Bubonax was, to hang himself nor to be rimed to death, as is said to be done in Ireland yet thus much curse I must send you in the behalf of all poetsthat while you live in love, and never get favor for lacking skill of a sonnet and when you die, your retention die from the earth for want of an epitaph.Even though Sydney uses satirical wit, humor and even a bit of self-deprecation, he is still adamantly defending the art of poetry now and throughout time.

Lord of the Flies vs. A Separate Peace Essay

In the World Book Dictionary, jealousy is defined as being in an envious condition or feeling. Many can relate to this feeling, because they have personally experienced jealousy before. Although these people may share a alike feeling, the way each individual acts upon his/her feeling is different. Some just ignore their jealous feeling, hoping that it would quickly go away so that they can go on with their daily lives. Others be dumbfound so overwhelmed that they actually may act on their emotions, expecting that their action would make them feel give away. Usually, the contrary occurs. The person does not feel better about himself instead, bitter feelings, a loss of respect, or even a loss of friendship are common consequences. In the novels Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the characters shit and component both experience jealously towards another person, and their actions, motivations, and feelings all circumnavigate around jealousy.In Lord of the Flies, once Jack realizes that Ralph is going to become chief, he totally changes and becomes the antagonist. First of all, Jack acts out on his jealousy by attempting to wrong Ralph. Although Jacks scheme to kill Ralph is unsuccessful, Ralph is still very close to death. In the novel, the reader knows that Jack is plotting to kill Ralph because Samneric informs Ralph, Theyre going to hunt you tomorrowJack alter a stick at both ends. When Samneric reports that Jack sharpened a stick at both ends, they imply that Jacks cult plans to decapitate Ralph and stick the prized possession on an end of the stick like it did to the sow.Jack desires to use the head as an offering for the Beastie, a fictional monster that the boys turn over haunts the island. As stated before, Jack decides to create a clan from his motivations that arise because of his jealousy. Moreover, since Jack knows that Ralph is always going to be elected chief no intimacy how many times the group of boy s vote, Jack starts his own clan and elects himself as chief. When he does this, he openly tells his colleagues, Anyone who wants to hunt when I do can come too. By stating this, he is simply persuading people to support his feat. As Jack plans the death of Ralph, he does not feel any sense of remorse or guilt for plotting to kill his old friend. Jack is just excited that there will be a big hunt for Ralph. gene also transforms drastically in A Separate Peace after he realizes that he will never be as athletic as Finny. Finny has always been adapted to accomplish goals and achievements that no one else can reach. Furthermore, Gene becomes jealous. In response to his covetousness, Gene harms Finny by taking a step toward Finny, and then Genes knees bent and Gene jounced the limb. Gene does this so quickly that he does not realize the consequences in jerking the tree limb. He does not know that his action would affect the rest of Finnys life. different Jack though, Gene does not see k the support of his friends.All Gene wants is for Finny to understand that Gene did not hurt Finny on purpose, and he is greatly sorry. However, when Gene attempts to explain this to Finny, Finny just brushes it off and tries to convince Gene otherwise. He says, I dont know, I essential have just lost my balance. It must have been thatI just fell. Another difference is that after Gene shakes the limb and makes Finny fall and break his leg, he feels guilty about his act of jealousy. Gene actually goes up to Finny numerous times to explain that Gene was actually the one who made Finny break his leg, but Finny does not listen. Finny just stubbornly sticks to his earth to being clumsy and not watching where he was stepping. Ultimately, Gene is immersed with sorrow and guilt. His envy for Finny not only backfires it creates endless shame and remorse.In the novels Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the main characters actions, motivations, and fe elings are all outcomes of their jealousy towards another. Jack and Gene share the similarity of attempting to harm another collectable to their envious motivation. Yet, they are different as seen through their ultimate feelings. Both Jack and Gene aspire to become equal to their rivals, even if they must harm their friends to accomplish self-fulfillment. In the end, Gene suffers from guilt while Jack cannot be more pleased when his newly established clan obeys him to kill Ralph. Richard Griper says it best jealousy is nothing unless you act upon it.

Transcendentalist Mccandless

Transcendentalist McCandless What is transcendentalism? How is Christopher J. McCandless a transcendentalist? Transcendentalism is a philosophy, and a way of life. It consists of being a non-conformist, neat one with nature, and rejecting physicalism. Throughout Jon Krakauers novel, Into The Wild, McCandless happens to achieve in all of the above. Whoso would be a man, must be a non-conformist (Emerson). He defied society, lived in the wild, and never elevator cared about things. He existed off the land in Alaska, the west coast, and even Mexico. McCandless did not motivation anything else in life but happiness he found this in the wilderness.As Emerson states in Self-Reliance, society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of ever one of its members. Conforming to society means to not be true to oneself. McCandless thought that conforming to society would make him another(prenominal) robot citizen. He believed in having his own opinion, being original, and documentat ion how he treasured to. He proved this by wandering across North the States in search of raw, transcendent experience (Krakauer authors note). This describes the adventure of his life, what he wanted, and what his plans were. Nobody k vernal Chris had planned on this.During his time working at McDonalds, McCandless also ref practised to wear socks. The partner bus, George Dreeszen, even says that Chris just plain couldnt stand to wear socks (40). McCandless did not care what people criticize him for, he did what he wanted to do, not what others told him was proper. In fact, as soon as he was done work he would immediately take his socks off. Another way McCandless proves to being a non-conformist is by living in the Slabs. Anybody could live in the Slabs, the retired, the exiled, the destitute, the perpetually unemployed.Its constituents are men and women and children of all agesthe middle-class grind (43). Any type and every type of person lived in the Slabs. Chris felt accepte d here, for nobody was judging your every move. By vesture no socks, living in the Slabs, and doing what he wanted made McCandless a non-conformist, a social outcast. Throughout the novel, it is evident that McCandless promotes becoming one with nature by run outing about it with other employees when working at McDonalds, writing about it in a letter to Ronald Franz, and writing about it in other letters as well.For example, in a letter McCandless wrote to Ronald Franz, he talks about becoming one with nature. He pressures how Franz should life his life. McCandless states, you must lose your inclination for monotonous security and adopt a helter-skelter style of Dont get back down and sit in one place. Move around, be nomadic, make each day a new horizon (57). McCandless not only wants a life in the wild, he is also trying to spread the wilderness lifestyle to Franz. Likewise, while McCandless was employed at Bullheads McDonalds, he tends to talk about becoming one with nature.Ot her employees could tell that he loved nature by spending very little time with him. Lori Zarza, the second assistant manager of the McDonalds, states that, he was always going on about trees and nature and weird stuff like that (40). McCandless was infatuated over the idea of living in the wild. Moreover, in another letter that McCandless wrote, he talks about how nature has transformed him. McCandless states, The beauty of this country is becoming part of me (91). He is absorbing the country it is changing the way he looks at life. McCandless can only fixate on becoming one with nature while he is not in its presence.Christopher McCandless rejects materialism during the course of the novel and pursues the simple life by refusing a brand new car from his parents, rebuffing Jim Galliens watch, and giving his savings away, and burning his cash. McCandless first rejects materialism by burning all the cash he had left after giving away his savings. He did not wish to be able to use mo ney as a way to help him. He changed his name, gave the entire balance of a twenty-four-thousand-dollar savings account to charity, abandoned his car and most of his possessions, and burned-over all the cash in his wallet (Authors Note).Any materialistic person would consider him crazy for his bizarre actions. Then, he turns down a brand new car his parents offered to buy him. He believed his car to be in perfect condition. McCandless states, Ive told them a million times that I have the best car in the world yet they ignore what I say and think Id actually accept a new car from them (21). McCandless has visibly made his point that he does not want any things. McCandless then goes on to decline Jim Galliens offer to take his watch. He did not want to know the time nor where he was.Gallien states that wished not, to know what time it is. I dont want to know what day it is or where I am (7). McCandless wants to be as free as he can, having a watch will give him too much unnecessary i nformation. A typical materialist has reasons to believe McCandless as outlandish for his discarding of his money, and not wanting a free watch or car. McCandless did not worry about the things in life he just wanted happiness. Krakauer proved McCandless to be a transcendentalist. McCandless could not care less about the standards that were bestowed upon his generation.He wanted to be himself, not a societal robot. McCandless did not enjoy wearing socks, he lived in the Slabs a place where almost all non-conformist go. He left the Slabs to live in the wilderness he worshipped the wilderness, which led to his demise. Of all the things that were offered to him, McCandless accepted none. Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth (117). He just wanted the truth to his family. He wanted happiness, McCandless wanted to know everything would be safe and sound. McCandless is a transcendentalist, he only wished to be happy, free of all the things, and in the wild.

Ethical Actions Worksheet Essay

Was there eachthing in either the University Of Phoenix Student ordinance Of Conduct or the Student Code of pedantic law that move you? If so, what was it? Why were you surprised? If non, why not?There was nothing surprising about the University Of Phoenix Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic single. I am familiar with having codes of conduct and codes of integrity. These same principles are used on the job. They let us know what is adequate and what is not acceptable. Codes help incite us that truth and integrity help to contribute to a non hostile environment, control dishonest actions or infringe on the rights of others. The University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct and the Student Code of Academic Integrity assist in creating a safe and positive work all students. What did you learn about the behaviors considered authoritative for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community?I have learned that being an ethical learner requ ires honesty. We should impart in a proper manner and make the correct choices when doing our work. Cheating and dishonesty should never be accepted even if you are falling buns with your school assignments. I have also that when you cheat you are only cheating yourself out of the full learning experiences that you are paying for and that it can score bad habits that can hurt you later on in life. Why are the Student Code of Conduct and Student Code of Academic Integrity important to you and the University of Phoenix learning community?The Student Code of Academic Integrity is important in the learning environment because it gives a set of guidelines for any educational institution. Academic goals cannot be met without following the standards set by the Student Code of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity. Acts of dishonesty not only undermine the learning process it also disadvantages students who earn credit honestly. It is important that members of the community s hare a common interest in maintaining the integrity the student code on campus.

Potato Starch

n the past, fields of wheat and rows of potatoes were seldom destined for anything more than a rumbling tummy. But bio-products have come a long direction since people first branched prohibited into weaving hemp into clothes and pulping papyrus into scrolls. Today the grapevine between M other Nature and man made has never been more blurred. Animals atomic bet 18 re-engineered into living dose factories, crops fuel our railway cars and nowadays go downs atomic number 18 increasingly being repackaged as the epitome of the synthetic world plastic. Wheat, maize, vegetable inuncts, sugar beet and even the trusty spud atomic number 18 finding new life as water bottles, car fuel lines and laptops. Wheat, maize, vegetable crude oils, sugar beet and even the trusty spud atomic number 18 finding new life as water bottles, car fuel lines and laptops. Bio-plastics harness the natural structures gear up in crops or trees, much(prenominal) as slightly modified forms of the chains of sugars in starch or cellulose, that sh atomic number 18 the ability to be easily reshaped that has made conventional oil based plastics so using upful. Bio- clobbers scientists atomic number 18 also constantly tweaking these natural structures to try and better replicate the durability and flexibility of conventional plastics.Global craft is now turning to bio-plastics for an increasing number of applications, as consumers and governments demand cleaner alternatives to petroleum based technical schoolnologies and their bold performance of the greenhouse gas CO2. Worldwide players, such as DuPont and Toyota Motor Corp, atomic number 18 making extensive investments in new technologies and processing plants with the hope of edible cornering a multi-billion pound industry. The BC at Bangor University in due north Wales has 18- geezerhood experience of working with large companies and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to find sustainable and viable bio-based alternatives to man-made real(a)s.BC director Paul Fowlerpoints out thatpractically anything that you can find as polyethene you can find as a bio-plastic. You are public lecture about a whole range of everyday products cups, combs and wrappers, everything you can think of is out there. There are inroads being made all the time on the one hand there is research into move to get biological alternatives to replicate the properties of conventional plastics and on the other hand people are spirit at the natural properties of these plants and trying to find an application for them. Most of the manufacture is happening in the US and continental Europe.The UK is a findr of wheat starch and biotimber but the only major bioplastic producer is Innovia Films in Cumbria, which produces cellulose films. Innovia Films has an annual turnover of ? 400m, employing 1,200 people worldwide and producing more than 120,000 tonnes of film utilise in forwarding to treasure food. Japan is also forging ahead, from the scarpering role in bioplastic achievement played by Toyota to its youthful passing of a triumvirate of laws pushing forward environmental initiatives. In South Korea too there is a rapid drive to set back conventional plastic packaging with polylactic acid bio-plastics.Fowler says bio-plastics also offer an opportunity to get a double return for the energy used in their manufacture first as a useful item and secondly as a fuel source. My view is that we should burn them at the end of their life to recover energy, which could be then used to produce new clobbers, he said. In the first instance you have a valuable resource can use, be it as packaging or a shopping bag, and then you are also getting some energy posterior at the end of it. The biggest advantage of such bio-materials is the reduction of CO2 emissions in their production over petrochemical-based plastics. He also suggeststhat burning bio-plastics would also avoid the problems caused by them breaking down and producing methane, which is 25-times more potent as a greenhouse gas than CO2. The BC is currently looking at developing naturally-derived alternatives to phthalates, which are plasticisers added to PVCs to give them more flexible in products such as electrical cable flex. It follows concerns that phthalates are metabolised in the system into substances that can mimic the bodys ownhormones, including those concerned with fertility.The centre is also developing bio-resins, natural alternatives to synthetic resins such as phenol and formaldehyde. What types of bioplastic are there? The common types of bio-plastics are based on cellulose, starch, polylactic acid (PLA), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polyamide 11 (PA11). Cellulose-based plastics are usually produced from wood pulp and used to perk up film-basedproducts such as wrappers and to cast in freshness in ready-made meals. Thermoplastic starch is the most important and wide used bioplastic, accounting for about 50pc of the bio-plastics market.Pure starchs ability to absorb humidity has led to it being widely used for the production of drug capsules in the pharmaceutical sector. Plasticisers, such as sorbitol and glycerine are added to make it more flexible and produce a range of different characteristics. It is commmonly derived from crops such as potatoes or maize. FOMA(TM) N701iECO shout out made of PLA bioplastics reinforced with kenaf fibres developed by NEC, UNITIKA and NTTDoCoMo Paul Fowler PLA is a transparent plastic whose characteristics check common petrochemical-based plastics such as polyethylene and polpropylene.It can be processed on equipment that already exists for the production of conventional plastics. PLA is produced from the fermentation of starch from crops, most commonly corn starch or sugarcane in the US, into lactic acid that is then polymerised. Its blends are used in a wide range of applications including computer and expeditious phone casings, foil, biodegradab le medical implants, moulds, tins, cups, bottles and other packaging. PHB is very similar to poylpropylene, which is used in a wide variety of fields including packaging, ropes, bank notes and car parts.It is a transparent film, which is also biodegradable. Interest in PHB is currently very high with companies worldwide aiming to expand their current production capacity. There are estimates that this could lead to a price reduction below five euros per kilogram but this would still be quaternsome times the market price of polyethylene in February 2007. The South American sugar industry has commited to producing PHB on an industrial scale. PA 11 is derived from vegetable oil and is known under the tradenameRislan.It is prized for its thermal reistance that makes it valued for use in car fuel lines, pneumatic air brake tubing, electrical anti-termite cable sheathing and oil and gas flexible pipes and control fluid umbilicals. These are often reinforced with fibres from the kenaf pla nt, a outgrowth of the hibiscus family traditionally used to make paper, to increase heat resistance and durability. At the cutting edge of bioplastic technology lie polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) materials. These are derived from the conversion of natural sugars and oils using microbes.They can be processed into a number of materials including moulded goods, fibre and film and are biodegradable and have even been used as water repellant coatings. What are the benefits of bio-plastics? Reduced CO2 emissions. One metric ton of bio-plastics generates between 0. 8 and 3. 2 less metric tons of ascorbic acid dioxide than one metric ton of petroleum-based plastics. Electronic giant Sony uses PLA in several(prenominal) of its smaller components, including one of its new walkmans, but in future hopes to use PLA-based polymers to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by 20pc and non-renewable resource input by 55pc compared to oil-based ABS. Rising oil prices Despite currently costing more t o produce than conventional plastics bio-plastics are becoming more viable with increasing and instability in oil prices, which are in turn triggering spikes in conventional plastic costs, illustrated in a sharp upturn two years ago. Dwindling oil supplies means that man will eventually be forced to turn to a sustainable basis for plastics. Waste Bio-plastics reduce the amount of toxic run-off generated by the oil-based alternatives but also are more commonly biodegradable.The USs second largest biopolymer producer Metabolix, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, claims that its plastics are biodegradable in composting bins, wetlands and the oceans. On the flip side not all bio-plastics are biodegradable and there are a ontogenesis number of conventional plastics that can naturally break down. The downside of their biodegradability is the methane that can be released as the bio-plastics decompose is a powerful greenhouse gas. Benefit to rural economyPrices of crops, such as maize, have ri sen sharply in the wake of global interest in the production of biofuels and bio-plastics, as countries across the world look for alternatives to oil to safeguard the environment and provide energy security. Enhanced properties In some fields engineered bio-plastics are now beating oil-based alternatives at their own game. Multinational materials giant Arkema has produced a form of Rislan PA11 that is being used in Europe and Brazil in fuel lines to carry biofuels as it is better able to withstand the vitriolic effects of biofuels than oil-based alternatives such as polyamide 12.Rislan is widely used in oilfield applications as well as automotive brake lines. Elsewhere innovations in PA11 production are helping increase car passenger safety and reduce the risk of accidents by inhibiting spark ignition in the fuel lines. US car giant General Motors has replaced its non-conductive fuel-pump modules for new North American car models as it felt it was the best material for the job.In the US chemical multinational DuPont says it has developed a bioplastic derived from corn sugar that has superior stiffness and strength to its naturally based competitors. Global electronics corporation NEC has produced a kenaf-reinforced laptop casing, made of 90pc PLA, which helps reduce heat up by conducting heat better than stainless steel coupled with high temperature resistance and increased strength. Who are the flagwavers? Bio-plastics are not being produced by a group of hippies brewing up in their garage.Some of the worlds largest companies including multi-billion dollar chemicals company DuPont, car manufacturer Toyota, UK-based Innovia, US food processing freak Cargill and electronics giants NEC and Fujitsu are pouring money into driving the technology and production forward. NEC and its partners Unitika and NTT DoCoMo produce mobile phone and laptop casings based on plant-derived bio-plastics, mostly PLA. NEC plans to expand its green credentials by substituting mo re than 10pc of the oil-based plastics in its electronic products with bio-plastics by 2010.Toyota Motor Corp uses mainly PLA bio-plastics, derived from sweet potatoes corn and sugar beet, reinforced with kenaf to produce components for its cars such as the Prius and Lexus. It hopes to grow its bio-plastics division into a four billion yen business by 2020 and capture two thirds of the global market for petroleum impoverished plastics. Fujitsu introduced its FMV BIBLO notebook PC series two years ago, which it has manufactured using a material called Ecodear, a combination of 50 pc PLA and an oil-based plastic.Fujitsu is now developing a castor oil derived PA 11 plastic with Arkema, which is more flexible and will help expand its use of bio-plastics in notebook computers. The material can withstand repeated bending thanks to scientists weakening the interaction of the chain molecule in PA 11 and relaxing the stereoregularity of their organisation. The improved durability means its prototypes of PC cover components consist of 60-80 per centum of the new bioplastic, an unprecedented achievement to date.Fujitsu is also using high density fillers to increase strength and dribble its use into notebook covers and other applications requiring high impact resistance. The new material is expected to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 42pc compared to oil-based nylon 6/6. DuPont in particular is continuing to expand the market for bio-plastics and plans to continue to offer crossbred bio/conventional plastic materials until the market matures, which could eventually cost less than the oil-based alternatives.DuPont has teamed up with sugar giant Tate Lyle to chassis the worlds largest aerobic fermentation plant in Loudon in Tennessee in the US for the production of bio-PDO, with a capacity of 45,000 metric tonnes a year. The largest commercial producer of bioplastic in the US is NatureWorks, owned by Cargill. The companys plant in Blair, Nebraska uses corn sugar to pro duce PLA plastics packaging material and its own Ingeo-brand fibres. What lies ahead?With US President George Bushs recent pledge to produce 35 billion gallons of renewable and alternative fuel by 2017 driving the price of maize up 60pc in the past two months the farmers field is fast turning into a high tech bio-battleground. Mr. Fowler warns that the still fledgling industry will have to fight for space and commercial viability as millions of hectares are given over to corn, rapeseed and sugarbeet for bio-fuel production. There is a real tension between the use of agriculture for fodd versus plastics and other non-food uses and this whole move to produce new fuels, he said.Whereas only two years ago plant materials were at the cheap end of the market and bio-products such as straw had little value, now it is genuinely much more costly. There would have to be a step change in the boundary of the production to match oil-based plastics. The amount of bioplastics produced worldwid e is less than 200,000 tonnes a year contrast that with the more than 30 million tonnes of oil-based plastics. You can see we have a long way to go before they replace conventional plastics. July 2007

External Enviroment

Question 1 The external environment of a firm plays a very of import role in the operations of the memorial tablet. Why is it important for organization in the Pacific to learn and drive in about what is happening in their external environment? Use examples to explain a least 5 elements in the external environment. The business dictionary defines external environment as conditions, entities, events, and factors surrounding an organization that mildew its activities and choices, and determine its opportunities and risks.From this definition we can identify that external environment plays a vital role in the operations of organization. For an organization in the Pacific to maintain its longevity and productivity in the competitive mankind of business it is very important to be alert and attentive to the world surrounding it in monetary value of entities, events, and factors surrounding it that will influence its activities and choices, and determine its opportunities and risks th us maintain its competitive edge. Technological Element The organization must be technologically efficient.Computers are now the main mode of communication. It knows no barrier. It travels through with(predicate) while and space, continents, companies and what not. A press of a button from Fiji can enable you to communicate with someone g-force and thousand of kilometers away living in United Kingdom. It is very important that they invest in technology through equipment, training and recruitment to be able to impact in the economy. Never before in news report has innovation offered promise of so much to so many in so short a time. Bill Gates (http//voices. ahoo. com/great-technology-quotes-sayings-5759728. hypertext mark-up language? cat=15) The medium, or process, of our time electric technology is reshaping and restructuring patterns of social interdependency and every aspect of our personal life. It is forcing us to reconsider and re-evaluate practically every thought, ev ery action, Marshall McLuhan (http//voices. yahoo. com/great-technology-quotes-sayings-5759728. html? cat=15) Eg. The use of ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) by commercial banks in the region has made banking effective and efficient.No extended have people be involved in long lines wait to be served. The work of twain to three people have been made easier by a single machine. In a Fiji time interview the ANZ Bank CEO Vishnu Mohan explained that, 1ANZ customers can now carry out quick and timely self-regulating teller machine (ATM) transactions. . Economic Element The organization must also be aware of scotch development, events and activities regionally and globally. 1 (Fiji Times, 3rd October, 2012, ATM Upgrade)

The Bribary Scandal at Siemens Ag

For example, I am quite familiar with the ways business is done is Russia and I can assure you that bribing cases be very common there, with number of them universe literally un avoidable. As for the case with bribing Wilhelm Seychelles, the chairman of the AUP labor union, I think it was completely unnecessary for such a big and respected federation like mho to do that. Such bribing is certainly avoidable and It Is not worth for the play along to risk Its reputation.In my opinion, It should be a concern of governments to prevent such actions and clear mechanisms hat make any types of bribing activities Impossible, especially In companies In which the state owns a controlling stake. 2. I think if a telephoner has a respected name in the field, offers competitive prices and meets all qualifications to march on a contract, then it has couple of options to do so without bribing a. Status off salubrious-known and respected company gives it an ability to contact the government officials and local analogue of U. S.Securities and Exchange Commission beforehand and ask to manage the process of tendering. B. If the contract is for a large amount of silver and, maybe, socially important, it cogency e a good Idea to attract the media to the deal. I believe these two options would scare away any company managers who are Intended to benefit from bribing. However, If the company Is In the situation when somebody demands money in go by for a contract, it should immediately notify an appropriate agency and provide sufficient evidence in wander for the officials to impose punitive sanctions against a breaking company. . In my opinion, the board made a right ending in not extending Killdeers term. Even though Killed was not implicated in the scandal directly, l, honestly, hardly alive(p) that he, as the CEO of Siemens GAG, was unaware of the unlawful actions that had taken place within the company, since the amounts spent on the consulting services (?420 million ) seem to be too large not to notice them, or at least questionable.The hold of bribing for contracts might have been common at Siemens before and was Inherited by Killed from former CEO, Heimlich von Peeler. This example doubled with Killdeers aggressive, American style of management could have been reasons why Siemens GAG performed so well in the last few years roll to ten scandal. I also Delve Tanat whenever business sector 010, It was Tort ten Detente of the company.After Killdeers departure, considering how successfully he managed the company, it is most likely that Siemens rate of growth and value of its shares go out drop. If it wasnt for the bribery scandals, Killed could have much more work done for the company benefit over the following(a) years. 4. As I could tell from the case and from my own experience, there are many companies that give money or gifts in exchange for contracts or some sort of favors. Siemens is not the only company accused of bribery.The enormous amounts Siemens spent on bribing government officials and companies managers probably led the investigations to begin. There are number of Siemens competitors who were not as wealthy, and, as a consequence, couldnt get the same contracts, even though they might have been more qualified. My assumption is that the Siemens competitors, angry about such injustice, could have been initiators of the investigations, which revealed the cases of bribing. Generally, I think Siemens was just unfortunate to get caught.

Understanding The ADD and ADHD

upkeep Deficit disoblige Kam Bisel management Deficit Disorder ( jibe) is a problem that affects 5% to 10% of all minorren. ADD affect much children than any otherwise childhood problems except asthma. It is estimated to be the largest single cause for prototypic referrals to child guidance clinics throughout the country, making up as umpteen as 40% of those cases. Many ADD cases atomic number 18 not diagnosed because the problem about a lot does not show in the doctors office. Current estimates suggest that approximately 50 to 65% of the children with ADD pass on bind symptoms of the disorder as adolescents and adults.Although ADD has just recently been discovered and on that point is still relatively venial(a) k instantern just about it. In 1902, George Frederick Still believed the dilemma of the problem child was linked to a biologic defect inherited from an injury at birth and not the result of the environment. Through 1930-40s stimulant drugs were first used t o successfully take many behavior problems due in get by Stills hypothesis. In 1960, Stella Chess researched in the field by writing about the hyperactive child syndrome.She took Stills hypothesis get ahead stating that the resulting behavior problems stem from a biological cause, although it is linked to a genetic inheritance rather thus a birth defect from an injury. Finally, in 1980, the syndrome was named Attention Deficit Disorder, due in large part to Virginia Douglass gain to find accurate ways to diagnose it (Hallo substantially 2). This is currently how it stands in the axis two of the DSM-IV today, with the growth of a new category Attention Deficit Hyper employment Disorder and there sub types. close scientist now believe that an abnormality in infrastanding chemistry could be to blame for the symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder. The frontage lobes of the brain are believed to be responsible for the regulation of behavior and attention. They receive informati on from the impressi whizzr brain, which regulates stimulus and conceals incoming messages from within and outside of the body. The limbic strategy which is a group of connect nervous remains structures located in the midbrain and linked to emotions and feelings then sends the messages to the window dressing lobes.Finally, the frontal lobes are venture to be the site of working memory, the place where information about the immediate environment is considered for memory storage, planning, and future-directed behavior. Scientist believe the activity in the frontal lobes is depressed in mass with ADD. Studies withal show, a decrease in the aptitude of the Attention Deficit Disorder brain to use glucose, the bodys main source of energy, ternarying to slower and less(prenominal) efficient activity. Neurotransmitter provide the connection between iodine nerve cell and another.It is also now suspected that people with Attention Deficit Disorder have a chemical imbalance of a secernate of neurotransmitter called catecholamine. Dopamine, helps to form a pathway between the motor center of the midbrain and the frontal lobes, as well as a pathway between the limbic system and the frontal lobes. Without enough dopamine and related catecholamine, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, the frontal lobes are under stimulated and thus unable to discharge their complex functions efficiently. Attention Deficit Disorder is primarily considered a genetic disorder. Which is why it is labeled a axis two in the DSM-IV.Studies show that 20-30% of all hyperactive children have at least one parent with ADD. However, not all cases of ADD are genetically linked. round studies show that a small percentage of ADD cases were influenced by smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs during pregnancy. Exposure to toxins, such as lead, may also alter the brain chemistry and function. Both of these issues are cause for concern for the at-risk population. ADD full generally affe cts males more often than females, in a 31 ratio. Because this disorder effects the brain detection of this presumption is touchy.The accepted test, although today there has been an increase in research into ADD and subsequently now other tests. The test requires a nine month observation of the person, as well as EEGs, MRIs, or a PET s discount. During the nine months, the person has to show a certain number of the classic traits associated with the disorder. The EEG are used to record the amount of electrical activity that is happening in the brain. An MRI is an x-ray that shows the brains name however it is not a routine assessment. More recently, the way to diagnose ADD is the use of a PET s shadow, which measure the amount activity in the brain. in that respect are two general categories for those diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder. One is minimal brain dysfunction (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), this is the more prevalent of the two. A person with ADHD p ull up stakes show certain characteristics. Characteristics like, fidgeting, squirming, difficulty remaining seated, easily distracted, difficulty awaiting turn, interrupting, difficulty following directions, sustaining attention, shifting from one uncompleted task to another, not listening, following multiple directions, and frequently engaging in dangerous actions.The general diagnosis of ADD, as opposed to ADHD, has some, but not all of the above characteristics. There are people who have been diagnosed with ADD whose characteristics are not hyperactive but the complete opposite, they are underactive. This goes against the general effect that only kids who are hyperactive have ADD. These children often daydream and are never mentally kick in anywhere. They constantly drift off into their own world during classes or conversations. This type is more prevalent in females with ADD then in males. The underlining issues with these children are the inability to focus, they are too ea sily distracted.This form of ADD is the hardest to diagnose since it seems that these people simply get hold of to apply themselves more or get their act together. Attention Deficit Disorder not only effects those smitten in the class dwell but at home as well. The rest of the families daily routine may become a distraction to those afflicted with ADD. Sometimes a television or radio that is turned on in another room may become distraction. What the ADD person needs is a sound screen. A sound screen is some form of constant noise that plays in the background, commonly a television or a radio.At first it may seem like a distraction, but in reality, if the TV or music forms a kind of white noise with an even level of intensity, which actually covers up inapposite noises that can be a distraction. The hum of a ceiling fan or motor can do wonders to soothe and focus you (Weiss. 7). Getting a family household to function smoothly is challenging for any family, with or without the f ront end of ADD. Adults and children take oning from Attention Deficit Disorder have trouble establishing and maintaining physical order, coordinate schedules and activities, and accepting and meeting responsibilities.Parents with children suffering with ADD have to meditate how to deal with the obstacles that they will have piece of music raising their child. Since ADD is genetically passed through to children the tendency is to have more then just the child with ADD but the parents too. Not only does the child have a problem with rules and schedules but so does the parent. Adults dealing with ADD often have chronic employment problems, impulsive spending, and erratic bookkeeping and putz paying. Raising healthy, well-adjusted children requires patience, sound judgment, good humor, and, discipline which is difficult for a parent with ADD to do.The presence of ADD often hinders the development of intimate births for a variety of reasons. Although many adults with ADD enjoy suc cessful, material marriages, the disorder almost always adds a certain amount of extra tension and pressure to the union. The non-ADD checkmate bears an additional burden of responsibility for keeping the household running smoothly and meeting the needs of the children, the married person with ADD, and, if he or she has time, his or her own priorities. Raising a child who has ADD can be an exhausting and, at times, frustrating experience. Parents play a key role in managing the disability.They usually need specialized training in behavior management and benefit greatly from parent support groups. Parents often find that approaches to raising that work well with children who do not have ADD, do not work as well with children who have ADD. Parents often feel helpless, frustrated and exhausted. Especially if the childs condition is un make loven at the time. It could seem to the parent that the child is just bad. Too often, family members become angry and withdraw from each other. I f untreated, the status only worsens. Parent training can be one of the most important and effective interventions for a child with ADD.Effective training will teach parents how to apply strategies to manage their childs behavior and advance their relationship with their child. Without consistent structure and clearly defined expectations and limits, children with ADD can become quite confused about the behaviors that are expected of them. Making and keeping friends is a difficult task for children with ADD. A variety of behavioural excesses and deficits common to these children get in the way of friendships. They may talk too much, dominate activities, intrude in others games, or quit a game before its done.They may be unable to pay attention to what another child is saying, not respond when someone else tries to initiate and activity, or exhibit inappropriate behavior. There is no cure for Attention Deficit Disorder. Along with increasing awareness of the problem, a better inst inct of its causes and interference has developed ( Wender 3). There is medication for ADD which will only alleviate the symptoms. The medication will not permanently restore the chemical imbalance. Approximately 70% of adults with ADD find that their symptoms significantly improve after they take medication prescribed by their doctors.The patient is able to concentrate on difficult and time-consuming tasks, stop impulsive behavior , and time the restless twitches that have been experienced in the past. Some ADD patients psychological and behavi vocal problems are not solved by medication alone, and are need more therapy or training. Adult patients have the burden of the past that often hinders their progress. The patient then needs help with the relief of disappointment, frustration, and nagging sense of self-doubt that often weighs upon the ADD patient.Some ADD patients suffer from low-grade depression or anxiety, others with a dependence on alcohol or drugs, and most with low s elf-esteem and feelings of helplessness. There are two types of drugs that work to balance the neurotransmitter and have been found to be most effective in treating ADD, stimulants and antidepressants. Stimulants work by increasing the amount of dopamine either produced in the brain or used by the frontal lobes of the brain. Antidepressants also stimulate brain activity in the frontal lobes, but they affect the production and use of other chemicals, usually norepinephrine and serotonin.All the drugs used to treat ADD have the same goal, to provide the brain with the raw materials it needs to concentrate over a sustained period of time, control impulses, and regulate motor activity. The drug or combination of drugs that work high hat for the patient depends on the individuals brain chemistry and constellation of symptoms. The process of finding the right drug can be tricky for each individual. The psychologists are not able to accurately predict how any one individual will respond t o various doses or types of Attention Deficit Disorder medication. However, the drug of selection for Attention Deficit Disorder is Ritilan.Ritilan (Methylphenidate) is a mild CNS stimulant. In medicine, Ritilans primary use is treatment of Attention DeficitHyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The reason why this drug works so well is not altogether understood, but Ritilan presumably activates the arousal system of the brain stem and the cortex to produce its stimulant effect. gibe to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), prescriptions for Ritilan have increased more than 600% in the past five years. Ritilan (Methylphenidate) is manufactured by CIBA-Geigy Corporation.It is supplied in 5 mg. , 10 mg. , and 20 mg. ablets, and in a sustained release form, Ritilan SR, in 20 mg. tablets. It is readily water soluble and is intended for oral use. It is a Schedule II Controlled Substance under both the Federal and Vermont Controlled Substance Acts (Bailey 5). As stated before, ADHD is a condition mo st believably based in an inefficiency and inadequacy of Dopamine and Norepinephrine hormone availability, typically occurring when a person with ADHD tries to concentrate. Ritilan improves the efficiency of the hormones Dopamine and Norepinephrine, increasing the resources for memory, focus, concentration and attention (Clark 6).Ritilan exhibits pharmacological activity similar to that of amphetamines. Ritilans exact machine of action in the CNS is not fully understood, but the primary sites of activity appear to be in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical structures including the thalamus. Ritilan blocks the re-uptake mechanism present in dopaminergic neurons. As a result, sympathomimetic activity in the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system increases. Ritilan-induced CNS stimulation produces a decreased sense of fatigue, an increase in motor activity and mental alertness, mild euphoria, and brighter spirits.In the PNS, the actions of Ritilan are minimal at therapeutic doses (Clark 2 ). Ritilan is the quickest of all oral ADHD stimulant medications in onset of action it starts to achieve benefit in 20 30 minutes after administration, and is most effective during the upward slope and peak serum levels. Ritilans effect is brief Most people experience 2-3 hours of benefit, but after 3 hours, benefits drop off rapidly. Some individuals, especially children, may obtain 4 or even 5 hours of positive effect (Clark 1). Attention Deficit Disorder is very prevalent throughout this country and the world. There is no cure.Those afflicted with the disorder must learn to compensate for it and live regardless of its affects. There are drugs and therapy available for those with this disorder to help them maintain there life. It is very frustrating to live with ADD or ADHD and even harder to live with it and not know it. Since ADDs detection is difficult, often the symptoms are likened to some other cause in an effort to explain the behaviors. This has lead to many misdiagnoses. However, new studies on ADD and ADHD are in the works and with the Human Genome Projects consummation in 2003 there is hope more light will be shed on this disorder.